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Research indicates that as many as 75 percent of teens have been bullied online, but only one in 10 have reported the problem to parents or other adults, a new study shows.
The study, published in the September issue of The Journal of School Health, is the latest to sound the alarm about so-called cyber-bullying, which can occur on social networking sites and in e-mail and text messages. Sometimes cyber-bullying involves taunting or threatening e-mail or text messages or putting embarrassing pictures or personal attacks on teen networking sites like MySpace or Facebook.
“The Internet is not functioning as a separate environment but is connected with the social lives of kids in school,” said lead study author Jaana Juvonen, a professor of psychology and chair of the developmental psychology program at the University of California, Los Angeles. “Bullying on the Internet looks similar to what kids do face-to-face in school.”
The U.C.L.A. study surveyed 1,454 teens between the ages of 12 and 17, who were recruited through an unidentified teen Web site from August through October 2005. Forty-one percent of the teenagers surveyed reported between one and three online bullying incidents over the course of a year, 13 percent reported four to six incidents, and 19 percent reported seven or more incidents.
Despite the prevalence of cyber-bullying, many teens don’t realize how common it is and often believe it is only happening to them, Dr. Juvonen said.
“When kids start thinking, ‘It’s just happening to me,’ they likely blame themselves, and once they do that, it increases their risk of depression,” Dr. Juvonen said. “Kids don’t know how common cyber-bullying is, even among their best friends. Cyber-bullying is not a plight of a few problematic children but a shared experience.”
Teens in the survey said they didn’t tell their parents about the problems for a variety of reasons. Half of the teens who were cyber-bullied said they just “need to learn to deal with it.” Nearly one-third said they worried parents might restrict Internet access, a fear more commonly expressed among girls than boys. One-third of 12- to 14-year-olds said they didn’t tell an adult about the bullying out of fear that they could get into trouble with their parents.
“Many parents do not understand how vital the Internet is to their social lives,” Dr. Juvonen said. “Parents can take detrimental action with good intentions, such as trying to protect their children by not letting them use the Internet at all. That is not likely to help parent-teen relationships or the social lives of their children.”
Although most people view cyber-bullying as anonymous, nearly three out of four of the bullied teens in the survey said they knew or were “pretty sure” they knew who was doing the bullying.
研究表明，多达75％的少年在网上受到欺负，但只有十分之一的少年向父母工其他成年人报告这问题，一项新研究表明。
《学校健康杂志》九月刊登的研究是最新的对所谓的网络欺凌发出警告的文章，网络欺凌可发生在社会网络网站上、邮件中或短信中。有时网络欺凌包括嘲弄或威胁性邮件或短信，或者是在少年网站如MySpace或Facebook这样的网站上放置令人尴尬的图片或进行个人攻击。
“互联网并不是作为一个与世隔绝的环境在运行，而是与学校里孩子们的社会生活紧密关联在一起”，主导研究作者Jaana Juvonen说，他是洛杉矶加州大学心理学教授、发展心理学项目主席。他说，“互联网欺凌看上去与孩子们在学校里面对面的一样”。
加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究调查了1454名年纪在12至17岁的少年，他们是在2005年8月至10间通过不记名少年网站被征集的。调查中41％的少年称一年内遇到1至3次网络欺凌事件，13％的称4至6次，并有19％的称遇到7次或更多。
尽管网络欺凌盛行，许多少年并没意识到有多普遍，而往往相信只是发生在他们自己身上，Juvonen博士说。
“当孩子们开始思考时，‘这事恰恰发生在我身上’，他们很可能责备自己，而一旦如此，就会增加抑郁的风险”，Juvonen博士说。“孩子们不了解网络欺凌有多普遍，甚至在最好的朋友之间也不知道。网络欺凌不仅仅是一部分问题孩子的情形，而是一种共同的经验”。
调查中的少年称，由于各种原因他们没有告诉父母他们所遇到的问题。受到网络欺凌的少年一半称他们只是“需要学会如何处理这种事情”。约三分之一的受访儿童称他们担心父母因此不让他们上网，这种担忧在女孩中比男孩更普遍。12至14岁间的孩子中有三分之一称他们没有告诉成年人有关网络欺凌事件是因为他们害怕会让父母惹麻烦。
“许多父母不理解互联网对自己的社会生活有多重要”，Juvonen博士说。“父母可能好心办坏事，比如试图通过根本不让孩子使用互联网来保护孩子。这无助于亲子关系或孩子们的社会生活”。
尽管许多人认为网络欺凌是匿名的，而约四分之三的被受访害少年称他们认识或“非�？隙�”他们知道是谁在进行威胁。
