7Åú´ÎʳƷ¼ì³öÅ©ÊÞÒ©²ÐÁôÎÊÌâ
²»ºÏ¸ñʳƷÖУ¬ÓÐ7Åú´ÎʳƷ¼ì³öÅ©ÊÞÒ©²ÐÁôÎÊÌâ¡£ÆäÖУ¬ÓÐ3Åú´ÎÓÍÂó²Ë¼ì³ö°¢Î¬¾úËØ²»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨£¬·Ö±ðΪ£º±±íÕÇøÕýÐË»ð¹øµê¶þ·ÖµêÏúÊÛµÄÓÍÂó²Ë¡¢¸¢ÁêÇøããÐи±Ê³³¬ÊÐÏúÊÛµÄÓÍÂó²Ë¡¢É³Æº°ÓÇø¶Åºþ¾ü»ð¹øµêÏúÊÛµÄÓÍÂó²Ë¡£
°¢Î¬¾úËØÊÇÒ»ÖÖɱ³æ¡¢É±òý¼Á£¬¹ã·ºÓÃÓÚÊ߲ˡ¢¹ûÊ÷¡¢ÃÞ»¨µÈÅ©×÷ÎïÉÏ¡£¡¶Ê³Æ·°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ ʳƷÖÐũҩ×î´ó²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿¡·(GB 2763-2021)Öй涨£¬°¢Î¬¾úËØÔÚÓÍÂó²ËÖеÄ×î´ó²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿ÖµÎª0.05mg/kg¡£
»¹ÓУ¬2Åú´ÎÏã½¶¼ì³ößÁ³æßø²»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨£¬·Ö±ðΪ£ºÖØÇìÒêÆ·ºëÓå¿Æ¼¼ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾½±±ÇøÅÌϪ··Ö¹«Ë¾ÏúÊ۵Ļʵ۽¶¡¢Äϰ¶Çøê»º²Ðdz½Ê³Æ·³¬ÊÐÏúÊÛµÄÏã½¶¡£
ßÁ³æßøÊôÓÚÒ»ÖÖÄÚÎüÐÔɱ³æ¼Á£¬¿É²ã¼ä´«µ¼£¬¾ßÓд¥É±ºÍθ¶¾×÷Óã¬ÈÝÒ×±»Ö²ÎïÎüÊÕ£¬²¢ÔÚÖ²ÎïÌåÄÚÖØÐ·ÖÅ䣬Óкܺõĸù²¿ÄÚÎü»îÐÔ¡£¸ù¾Ý¡¶Ê³Æ·°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ ʳƷÖÐũҩ×î´ó²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿¡·(GB 2763-2021)Öй涨£¬ßÁ³æßøÔÚÏã½¶ÖÐ×î´ó²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿ÖµÎª0.05mg/kg¡£
»¹ÓÐ2Åú´Î²»ºÏ¸ñʳƷΪ£ºÖØÇìÓÀ»Ô³¬ÊÐÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾³¤ÊÙÐÐÅ·Ö¹«Ë¾ÏúÊÛµÄÓÅÖ®ÏÊÅÜɽÍÁ¼¦¼ì³öÄῨ°Íາ»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨;±±íÕÇøÆæÁùζ»ð¹ø¹ÝÏúÊÛµÄÅ£Íܼì³ö¶÷ŵɳÐDz»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨¡£
ÄῨ°Í຾ßÓиßЧ¡¢µÍ¶¾¡¢ÐÔÄÜÎȶ¨¡¢¿¹Ò©ÐÔСµÈÌØµã£¬³£±»ÓÃÓÚÔ¤·À¼¦¡¢»ð¼¦µÈÇÝÀàÇò³æ²¡¡£¶÷ŵɳÐÇÊôµÚÈý´úàŵͪÀàÒ©ÎÊÇÒ»ÀàÈ˹¤ºÏ³ÉµÄ¹ãÆ×¿¹¾úÒ©£¬ÓÃÓÚÖÎÁƶ¯ÎïµÄƤ·ô¸ÐȾ¡¢ºôÎüµÀ¸ÐȾµÈ£¬ÊǶ¯ÎïרÊôÓÃÒ©¡£¡¶¶¯ÎïÐÔʳƷÖÐÊÞÒ©×î¸ß²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿¡·(ũҵ²¿¹«¸æ µÚ235ºÅ)Öй涨£¬ÄῨ°ÍàºÔÚ¼¦µÄ¼¡ÈâÖÐ×î¸ß²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿ÖµÎª200¦Ìg/kg£¬¶÷ŵɳÐÇÔÚÅ£Íܵļ¡ÈâÖÐ×î¸ß²ÐÁôÏÞÁ¿ÖµÎª100¦Ìg/kg¡£
ºñÇÐÄÛµ°¸â¡¢Àä³Ô¼¦³áµÈ¼ì³ö΢ÉúÎïÎÛȾÎÊÌâ
²»ºÏ¸ñʳƷÖУ¬ÓÐ4Åú´ÎʳƷ¼ì³ö΢ÉúÎïÎÛȾÎÊÌâ¡£ÆäÖУ¬ÓÐ2Åú´Î¼ì³ö¾úÂä×ÜÊý²»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨£¬·Ö±ðΪ£º½±±Çø¶àÀ´Ã×°Ù»õ³¬ÊÐÏúÊ۵ġ¢±ê³ÆºÏ·ÊÆô˼ʳƷÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾Éú²úµÄºñÇÐÄÛµ°¸â;¸ßм¼Êõ²úÒµ¿ª·¢Çø°ÙÈó±ãÀûµêÏúÊ۵ġ¢±ê³ÆÖØÇìÊÐÒü»ªöÎʳƷÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾Éú²úµÄÀä³Ô¼¦³áÏãÀ±Î¶(·øÕÕʳƷ)¡£
¾úÂä×ÜÊýÊÇָʾÐÔ΢ÉúÎïÖ¸±ê£¬²¢·ÇÖ²¡¾úÖ¸±ê¡£Ö÷ÒªÓÃÀ´ÆÀ¼ÛʳƷÇå½à¶È£¬·´Ó³Ê³Æ·ÔÚÉú²ú¹ý³ÌÖÐÊÇ·ñ·ûºÏÎÀÉúÒªÇ󡣡¶GB 7099-2015 ʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ ¸âµã¡¢Ãæ°ü¡·¹æ¶¨£¬¸âµã¡¢Ãæ°üÖоúÂä×ÜÊýÓ¦·ûºÏn=5,c=2,m=10000,M=100000 CFU/gµÄÒªÇ󡣡¶GB 2726-2016 ʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ ÊìÈâÖÆÆ·¡·¹æ¶¨£¬ÊìÈâÖÆÆ·ÖоúÂä×ÜÊýÓ¦·ûºÏn=5,c=2,m=10000,M=100000CFU/gµÄÒªÇó¡£¾úÂä×ÜÊý³¬±êµÄÔÒò£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇÔÁϳõʼ¾úÂäÊý½Ï¸ß£¬»òÕ߸ö±ðÆóÒµ¿ÉÄÜδ°´ÒªÇóÑϸñ¿ØÖÆÉú²ú¼Ó¹¤¹ý³ÌµÄÎÀÉúÌõ¼þ£¬°ü×°ÈÝÆ÷¡¢Æ÷ÃóÇåÏ´Ïû¶¾²»µ½Î»£¬»¹ÓпÉÄÜÓë²úÆ·°ü×°ÃÜ·â²»ÑÏ£¬´¢ÔËÌõ¼þ¿ØÖƲ»µ±µÈÓйء£
»¹ÓÐ2Åú´Î²»ºÏ¸ñʳƷΪ£ººÏ´¨ÇøÊ®°ËÏʼҳ£²Í¹ÝʹÓõĸ´ÓòÍÒû¾ß¼ì³ö´ó³¦¾úȺ²»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨;Óå±±ÇøÍ³¾°Õò·ïÎàʳƷ³¬ÊÐÏúÊ۵ġ¢±ê³ÆÉ½¶«ÓʳƷÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾Éú²úµÄºÚÖ¥ÂéºËÌÒÉ£ÝØ·Û¼ì³öù¾ú²»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨¡£
´ó³¦¾úȺÊǹúÄÚÍâͨÓõÄʳƷÎÛȾ³£ÓÃָʾ¾úÖ®Ò»¡£²Í(Òû)¾ß¼ì³ö´ó³¦¾úȺ£¬Ìáʾ±»Ö²¡¾ú(ÈçɳÃÅÊϾú¡¢Ö¾ºØÊϾú¡¢Ö²¡ÐԴ󳦸˾ú)ÎÛȾµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԽϴ󡣡¶Ê³Æ·°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ Ïû¶¾²Í(Òû)¾ß¡·(GB 14934¡ª2016)Öй涨£¬²Í(Òû)¾ßÖв»µÃ¼ì³ö´ó³¦¾úȺ¡£²Í(Òû)¾ßÖмì³ö´ó³¦¾úȺµÄÔÒò£¬¿ÉÄÜÊDz;ßÇåÏ´²»³¹µ×¡¢Ïû¶¾Ãð¾ú²»³¹µ×£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊDzÙ×÷ÈËÔ±»òÖÜΧ»·¾³²»Çå½à£¬Ôì³É²ÍÒû¾ß¶þ´ÎÎÛȾ¡£
ù¾úÊÇ×ÔÈ»½çÖг£¼ûµÄÕæ¾ú£¬Ã¹¾úÎÛȾ¿ÉʹʳƷ¸¯°Ü±äÖÊ£¬ÆÆ»µÊ³Æ·µÄÉ«¡¢Ï㡢棬½µµÍʳƷµÄʳÓüÛÖµ¡£¡¶GB 19640-2016 ʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ ³åµ÷¹ÈÎïÖÆÆ·¡·¹æ¶¨£¬³åµ÷¹ÈÎïÖÆÆ·ÖÐù¾úÓ¦·ûºÏn=5,c=2,m=50,M=100CFU/g¡£Ôì³Éù¾ú³¬±êÔÒò£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇÔÁÏ»ò°ü×°²ÄÁÏÊܵ½Ã¹¾úÎÛȾ£¬²úÆ·ÔÚÉú²ú¼Ó¹¤¹ý³ÌÖÐÎÀÉúÌõ¼þ¿ØÖƲ»µ½Î»£¬Éú²ú¹¤Æ÷¾ßµÈÉ豸ÉèÊ©ÇåÏ´Ïû¶¾²»µ½Î»»ò²úÆ·´¢ÔËÌõ¼þ²»µ±¶øµ¼Ö¡£
6Åú´ÎʳƷ¼ì³öÖÊÁ¿Ö¸±êÎÊÌâ
²»ºÏ¸ñʳƷÖУ¬ÓÐ6Åú´Î¼ì³öÖÊÁ¿Ö¸±êÎÊÌâ¡£ÆäÖУ¬ÓÐ4Åú´Î¼ì³öËá¼Û(ÒÔÖ¬·¾¼Æ)(KOH)²»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨£¬·Ö±ðΪ£º½½òÇø²ýµÂ¸±Ê³µêÏúÊÛµÄÉúºÚÖ¥Âé;¿ªÏØËïÊÏÉÌóÓÐÏÞÔðÈι«Ë¾ÐÄÁ¬Ðij¬ÊÐÕò¶«µêÏúÊ۵ĺÚÖ¥Âé;ÖÒÏØºèÃúʳƷ¾Óª²¿ÏúÊ۵ġ¢±ê³ÆËìÄþÊÐÀ¶ÑÇʳƷÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾Éú²úµÄÖØÇì·çζ¹Öζºú¶¹;èµÉ½Çø³¬ÈºÊ³Æ·¼Ó¹¤µêÉú²úµÄ²Ë×ÑÓÍ¡£
Ëá¼Û£¬ÓÖ³ÆËáÖµ£¬Ö÷Òª·´Ó³Ê³Æ·ÖеÄÓÍÖ¬Ëá°Ü³Ì¶È¡£Ëá¼Û³¬±ê»áµ¼ÖÂʳƷÓйþÀ®Î¶£¬³¬±êÑÏÖØÊ±Ëù²úÉúµÄÈ©¡¢Íª¡¢Ëá»áÆÆ»µÖ¬ÈÜÐÔάÉúËØ£¬µ¼Ö³¦Î¸²»ÊÊ¡£¡¶GB/T 1536-2021 ²Ë×ÑÓÍ¡·¹æ¶¨£¬¡¶GB/T 1536-2021 ²Ë×ÑÓÍ¡·¹æ¶¨£¬Ò»¼¶Ñ¹Õ¥²Ë×ÑÓÍÖÐËá¼Û(ÒÔKOH¼Æ)Ó¦¡Ü1.5mg/g£¬¶þ¼¶Ñ¹Õ¥²Ë×ÑÓÍÖÐËá¼Û(ÒÔKOH¼Æ)Ó¦¡Ü3.0mg/g;Ò»¼¶½þ³ö²Ë×ÑÓÍÖÐËá¼Û(ÒÔKOH¼Æ)Ó¦¡Ü0.5mg/g£¬¶þ¼¶½þ³ö²Ë×ÑÓÍÖÐËá¼Û(ÒÔKOH¼Æ)Ó¦¡Ü2.0mg/g£¬Èý¼¶½þ³ö²Ë×ÑÓÍÖÐËá¼Û(ÒÔKOH¼Æ)Ó¦¡Ü3.0mg/g¡£¡¶Ê³Æ·°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ ¼á¹ûÓë×ÑÀàʳƷ¡·(GB 19300-2014)Öй涨£¬¼á¹ûÓë×ÑÀàʳƷÖÐËá¼ÛµÄ×î´óÏÞÁ¿ÖµÎª3mg/g¡£
»¹ÓУ¬2Åú´ÎʳƷ¼ì³ö¹ýÑõ»¯Öµ(ÒÔÖ¬·¾¼Æ)²»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨£¬·Ö±ðΪ£ºÖØÇìÊÐÄÏ´¨Çø·çÖ®²ÊÉÌóÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾ÃÀ¼ÑÃÀµêÏúÊ۵ġ¢±ê³Æ½½òÇø¾²ºÊ³Æ·¼Ó¹¤³§Éú²úµÄ³´»¨Éú;ÍòÖÝÇøº£¶ùʳƷ³¬ÊÐÏúÊ۵ġ¢±ê³ÆºÓÄÏÐÂÂóµãʳƷÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾Éú²úµÄÈâËɱý¡£
¹ýÑõ»¯ÖµÊÇÖ¸ÓÍÖ¬Öв»±¥ºÍÖ¬·¾Ëá±»Ñõ»¯ÐγɹýÑõ»¯ÎÊÇÓÍÖ¬Ëá°ÜµÄÔçÆÚÖ¸±ê¡£Ò»°ã²»»á¶ÔÈËÌ彡¿µÔì³ÉË𺦣¬µ«Ê³ÓùýÑõ»¯ÖµÑÏÖØ³¬±êµÄʳƷ¿ÉÄܵ¼Ö³¦Î¸²»ÊÊ¡¢¸¹ÐºµÈÖ¢×´¡£¡¶GB 19300-2014 ʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ ¼á¹ûÓë×ÑÀàʳƷ¡·¹æ¶¨£¬ÊìÖÆÆäËû¼á¹ûÓë×ÑÀàʳƷ(Êì¿û»¨×ѳýÍâ)µÄ¹ýÑõ»¯ÖµÓ¦²»³¬¹ý0.50g/100g¡£¡¶GB 7099-2015 ʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼ ¸âµã¡¢Ãæ°ü¡·¹æ¶¨£¬¸âµã¡¢Ãæ°üÖйýÑõ»¯ÖµÓ¦²»³¬¹ý0.25g/100g¡£
³ýÉÏÊö²úÆ·Í⣬»¹ÓÐ1Åú´Î¼ì³ö±½¼×Ëá¼°ÆäÄÆÑÎ(ÒÔ±½¼×Ëá¼Æ)²»·ûºÏʳƷ°²È«¹ú¼Ò±ê×¼¹æ¶¨£¬Îª£º¿ªÏØËïÊÏÉÌóÓÐÏÞÔðÈι«Ë¾ÐÄÁ¬Ðij¬ÊÐÕò¶«µêÏúÊÛµÄÕ¥²Ë¡£
ËùÔÚµØÊг¡¼à¶½¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅÒѰ´¡¶ÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úʳƷ°²È«·¨¡·µÄÒªÇ󣬶Գé¼ìÖз¢ÏֵIJ»ºÏ¸ñ²úÆ·£¬ÒÀ·¨Æô¶¯²é´¦¹¤×÷£¬Í¬Ê±ÒѲÉÈ¡·çÏÕ¿ØÖÆ´ëÊ©£¬²éÇå²úÆ·Á÷Ïò£¬Õٻء¢Ï¼ܲ»ºÏ¸ñ²úÆ·£¬·ÖÎöÔÒò²¢½øÐÐÕû¸Ä¡£